Study of flora, vegetation and productivity of Arctic plant communities in Spitsbergen
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Study of flora, vegetation and productivity of Arctic plant communities in Spitsbergen (The Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute KSC RAS, Apatity)
Summary: Diversity of mosses, hepatics, lichens, and cyanobacteria has been studied in 9 areas of Spitsbergen including eastern coast of Gr?nfjord, Reindalen, Linnedalen, Pyramiden area, Trygghamna bay, Colesbay, western coast of Bockfjorden, Prins Oscars Land, Nordvika (Murchison-fjord). Preliminary lists of species were compiled for the most of studied areas. Several species new for Spitsbergen were recorded and some species are confirmed to occur in the study area. A new ecotopes for some rare and very rare species for Spitsbergen were discovered. New data on occurrence, ecology and reproduction for many species was obtained. The study of vegetation includes description of plant communities in the main types of habitats and distribution of syntaxa. The comparative analysis of DNA loci of critical and poorly known liverworts is one of the important parts of Spitsbergen researches. The molecular studies of Spitsbergen liverworts allow specifying the taxonomic status of critical arctic taxa, evaluating the species limits and sheds light on the origin of regional flora. Ecophysiological researches include studies of the pigment complexes of vascular plants, mosses and lichens as well as productivity of plant communities in the vicinities of Barentsburg Town (Western Spitsbergen Island). Soil researches are dealing with morphogenetic studies of the major soil types near Barentsburg. The aim of the soil researches is to establish the role of micro- and nanorelief in the soil formation processes and soil cover structure. Landscape ecogeochemical studies include simultaneous sampling and analysis of all major environment media (atmospheric precipitation, vegetation, soil and stream waters). This approach allows to study the peculiarities of environment chemistry and to trace the fate of elements in the landscape of this peculiar area.
The study of mosses of Spitsbergen
Belkina Olga, Likhachev Alexey PhD, lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531) 52742, e-mail: belkina_07@list.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Olga Belkina and Alexey Likhachev have been studying moss species diversity of Spitsbergen since 2005. Samples were collected from different parts of archipelago: Vestspitsbergen (Bockfjorden, Gr?nfjorden, Linn?vatnet area, Pyramiden, the middle part of Reindalen, Trygghamna in Isfjorden, Colesbay) and Nordaustlandet (Prins Oscars Land, Nordvika in Murchisonfjord). Most of them have been identified as well as the collections of bryophytes were made by N.A. Koroleva in 1991, 2003. The lists of moss species had been compiled for some local bryoflora. A comparison of these floras (species composition, taxonomic structure) shows essentual distinction between them. The dominant moss species in all studied plant communities are different too. The main reason of that is geochemical composition of minerals, especially presence of Ca2+, and location. The most frequent, abundant and everytopic species were arranged in groups of “active species” according to Yurtsev (1968). Distributions of some species on Spitsbergen were corrected. Some new localities of rare mosses were found as well as some species new for the archipelago (Andreaea blyttii Schimp., Oligotrichum hercynicum (Hedw.) DC. in Lam. & DC., Pohlia wahlenbergii (Web. & Mohr) Andrews in Grout, Schistidium flexipile (Lindb. ex Broth.) G. Roth. Warnstorfia spp. ect.) Some mosses have unusual look (habitus), such as morphologic features of leaves (Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid., Meesia triquetra (Richter) Aongstr.
Map of study area of mosses (fig. 1)
Literature
1. Belkina O. A., Likhachev A. Yu. Some aspects oh the cormophyte moss flora of the Reindalen Valley (Spitsbergen) // Nature of the shelf and archipelagos of the European Arctic. Iss. 8. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. - Moscow, 2008. - Р. 33-36.
2. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Belkina O. A., Davydov D. A., Likhachev A. Yu., Savchenko A. N., Urbanavichene I. N. Flora and vegetation of Gronfjord area (Spitsbergen archipelago) // K&M. Apatity. 2008. - 114 p.
The study of Hepatics of Spitsbergen
Konstantinova Nadezda
Doctor of Sci, professor, Head of lab of Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531) 52340, e-mail: nadya50@list.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Savchenko Anatoly
lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531)52340, e-mail: nadya50@list.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Borovichev Evgeny
PhD student, lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531)52340, e-mail: borovichev@yandex.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Hepatics of Spitsbergen have been studied more than 200 years. The results of this study were summarized and revised by A. Frisvoll & A.Elvebakk (1996). These authors accepted a totally 85 hepatic species for Svalbard. During our study of hepatics in Svalbard in the last three years new for archipelago as well as rare and poorly known species were found. Some of these records were published in little known Russian issues (Konstantinova, 2003; Konstantinova & Koroleva, 2003; Konstantinova & Savchenko, 2006).
We have collected hepatics in 7 areas (fig.1): eastern coast of Gr?nfjorden including the lower part of Gr?ndalen (July 23 to August 1, 2004); valley of Linnevatnet (July 21- 24, 2005); western coast of Bockfjorden (July 27- 30, 2005); middle part of Reindalen (July 27 – August, 1 2006); Nordauslandet, Prins Oscar Land, Mefjordheia (August, 3 – 8; 2006) and coast of Nordvika Bay in Murchisonfjord (the end of July-beginnig of August, 2007); surroundings of Pyramiden (2008). In all collecting localities coordinates and elevations were measured with GPS. A total of ca. 1000 specimens were collected and ca. 30% of them were identified. As much as possible we trying to study living material and describe number and size of oil-bodies for species of such genera as Lophozia, Scapania and Schistochilopsis. Most of the collected specimens were studied fresh at the laboratory of RAS in Barentsburg and than restudied in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden (Kirovsk).
Some new for archipelago species were collected during our study: Anastrophyllum sphenoloboides R.M.Schust., Lophozia silvicoloides N. Kitagaw, Marsupella sprucei (Limpr.) H.Bern., Marsupella boeckii (Austin) Lindb., etc. A number of species that were excluded from the list of Hepatics of Spitsbergen by Frisvoll & Elvebakk (1996) were collected by us in the archipelago: Odontoschisma elongatum (M?rt.) Dumort., Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort., Dichiton integerrimum (Lindb.) H.Buch [Cephaloziella integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst.]. The knowledge on distribution of many rare in Svalbard species (Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dumort., Gymnomitrion apiculatum (Schiffn.) Muell. Frib., Scapania spitsbergensis (Lindb.) Muell Frib., Lophozia polaris (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust., Schistochilopsis grandiretis (Lindb.) Konst. (Lophozia grandiretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Schiffn.), Nardia geoscyphus (De Not.) Lindb., etc.) was expanded (Konstantinova, 2003; Konstantinova & Koroleva, 2003; Konstantinova & Savchenko, 2006). Localities of Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dumort. and Marsupella boeckii in Prins Oscars Land (Nordauslandet) are the northernmost in the world.
Literature
1. Konstantinova N. A. On phytogeograpy of hepatics of Spitzbergen Archipelago // Complex investigations of Spitzbergen nature. Iss. 3. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2003. Р. 156-161.
2. Konstantinova N. A., Koroleva N. E. On some dwarf forms of hepatics new for Spitzbergen archipelago // Complex investigations of Spitzbergen nature. Iss. 3. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2003. P. 163-165.
3. Konstantinova N. A., Savchenko A. N. Findings of some rare in Spitsbergen hepatics in western coast of Bockfjorden // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature. Iss. 6. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2007. P. 330-336.
4. Konstantinova N. A., Savchenko A. N. New and rare in Spitsbergen Hepatics in vicinities of Barentsburg // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature. Iss. 7. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2007. P. 265-278.
5. Konstantinova N. A., Savchenko A. N. Distribution of liverworts, rare for the Svalbard Archipelago, around Piramida (Pyramiden) Settlement // Nature of the shelf and archipelagos of the European Arctic. Iss. 8. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. - Moscow, 2008. P. 177-181.
6. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Belkina O. A., Davydov D. A., Likhachev A. Yu., Savchenko A. N., Urbanavichene I. N. Flora and vegetation of Gr?nfjord area (Spitsbergen archipelago) // K&M. Apatity. 2008. 114 p.
7. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Urbanavichene I. N. Urbanavichus G. P., Shmakova N. Yu., Davydov D. A. Multiparty investigations of Polar-alpine botanical garden on the Spitsbergen archipelago // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Print. Kola Science Centre RAS, 2005. P. 396-403.
8. Konstantinova N. A. & Savchenko A. N. 2008. Contribution to the hepatic flora of Svalbard // Lindbergia 33: 13-22.
Soil researches and landscape ecogeochemical studies
Soil researches are dealing with morphogenetic studies of major soil types in the vicinities of Barentsburg Town. The aim of soil researches is to establish the role of micro- and nanorelief on the soil formation processes and soil cover structure. Landscape ecogeochemical studies include simultaneous sampling and analysis of all major environment media (atmospheric precipitation, vegetation, soil and stream waters). This approach allows to study the peculiarities of environment chemistry and to trace the fate of elements in the landscape of this peculiar area.
Pereverzev Vladimir
PhD, professor, Head of laboratory Soil science PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (815 55) 79156, e-mail: vnpereverzev@mail.ru 184209, Apatity, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Kaschulina Galina
PhD, lab. Soil science PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (815 55) 79156, e-mail: galina.kashulina@gmail.com 184209, Apatity, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Litvinova Tatjana
lab. Soil science PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (815 55) 79156, e-mail: lita0409@mail.ru 184209, Apatity, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
The complex ecogeochemical studies with simultaneous sampling of all basic environment compartments (atmospheric precipitates, vegetation, soil and surface water) were carried out in the vicinity of Barentsburg. Basic macro- (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Ti, Mn, P) and trace elements (Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Zn, S, V) contents were determined in all collected samples. This approach gives a lot of information about environment and its major components chemistry, as well as to trace the fate of the major elements in the landscape of this unique territory.
The genetic features of the soils on marine and basic terraces and seaside slopes of Isfjord and Grenfjord (Western Spitsbergen) were studied. Relief is responsible for parent material differentiation on the area where the soils were investigated. One type of the soil with the profile O-AY-C was formed on parent material of different origin and grain-size composition. The poor differentiation of the morphological features is typical for these soils. Humus accumulation horizon AY horizon formation occurs under the O horizon. AY horizon is gradually transforming to the parent material (C horizon). The bulk chemical composition and the content of oxalate-soluble Al and Fe compounds have not revealed the differences between the soils formed in the different landscape conditions or on different parent material. No any within profile differentiation were found for the bulk chemical composition and the content of oxalate-soluble sesquialteral oxides in all studied soils.
Literature
1. Kaschulina G. M. Morphology-genetic performance of soils in the Barentsburg's surroundings, Spitsbergen // Materials of the Russian scientific conference «Soil science and Agrochemistry in XXI sentury». St.-Petersburg, St.-Petersburg state university, 2006. P. 32-33.
2. Kashulina G. M. Soil geochemistry in the Barentsburg's surroundings, Spitsbergen // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature. Iss. 6. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2007. P. 321-330.
3. Kashulina G. M., Baskova L. A., Likhachev A. Ya Plant chemical composition in the Barentsburg's surroundings, Spitsbergen // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature. Iss. 7. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2007. P. 254-265.
4. Kashulina G. M., Kaschulin N. A. Stream waters chemistry in the Barentsburg's surroundings, Spitsbergen // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Print. Kola Science Centre RAS, 2005. P. 308-314.
5. Pereverzev V. N., Litvinova T. I. Geomorphologic structure, vegetation and soils of the Isfjord and Gronfjord coasts (Spitsbergen) // Nature of the shelf and archipelagos of the European Arctic. Iss. 8. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. - Moscow, 2008. P. 306-310.
Ecophysiological researches
Ecophysiological researches include studies of the pigment complex of vascular plants, mosses and lichens as well as productiivity of plant communities in the vicinities of Barentsburg Town (Western Spitsbergen Island).
Shmakova Natalya
Doctor of Sci, Head of laboratory Ecological physiology of plants Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute KSC RAS Ph. (81531) 52340, e-mail: shmanatalya@yandex.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Markovskaya Evgeniya
Doctor of Sci, professor, Head of Department of Botany and Plants Physiology faculty of Ecology and biology, Petrozavodsk state university, Petrozavodsk, Lenina, 33. Ph. (8142) 711019, e-mail: volev@sampo.ru
The research area includes an investigation of plant and lichen assimilation structures in arctic tundras (content and composition of plastid pigments, chlorophyll index), an assessment of dominant phytocenoses primary productivity in the neighborhood of Barentsburg and an evaluation of productivity and biometric indices of individual vascular plants species in different ecotopes.
The conducted ecophysiologic researches have shown that the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and lichens (content and composition of plastid pigments) labilely reacts to environmental conditions and depends on species biology. The results can provide valuable information on plant adaptive paths in light-thermal conditions of the Arctic. Apparently, two basic adaptive strategies of plants are maintained in the ambience of the Arctic: (a) the adaptation leading to minimizing of organism’s requirements to environmental factors (content decreasing of plastid pigments and productivity reduction) and (b) acclimation (content increasing of plastid pigments and capacity increasing of light-harvesting complex) keeping up the potential productivity. The achievement degree of the latter is determined by the environmental conditions.
Literature
1. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Urbanavichene I. N. Urbanavichus G. P., Shmakova N. Yu., Davydov D. A. Multiparty investigations of Polar-alpine botanical garden on the Spitsbergen archipelago // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Print. Kola Science Centre RAS, 2005. - P. 396-403.
2. Shmakova N. Yu. Productivity of the gramineous frutescent-mosses communities in the Barentsburg settlement suburbs // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Print. Kola Science Centre RAS, 2005. - P. 519-525.
3. Shmakova N. Yu., Markovskaja E. F. Some singularities of assimilation construction of plants and lichens in tundra communities of Arctic and Sub-arctic region // Fundamental and applied problems of botany by the begining of XXI sentury: materials of Russian conference and XII congress RBA. September 22-27, 2008. Petrozavodsk, 2008. V. 6. P. 155-157.
4. Shmakova N. Yu., Markovskaja E. F. Pigment complex of plants and lichens in arctic tundra associations of Spitsbergen // Nature of the shelf and archipelagos of the European Arctic. Iss. 8. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. - Moscow, 2008. - P. 400-403.
The Geobotanic exploration
Koroleva Natalia
PhD, lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531)52340, e-mail: flora01@rambler.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Geobotanic exploration of Spitsbergen includes description of plant communities covering Gr?nfjord, Isfjord, Bokkfjord, Belsunn seashore. Plant communities were ascribed to syntaxa according Braun-Blanquet approach. The altitudinal distribution and of syntaxa was examined. The main types of habitats and distribution of syntaxa were described. List of vascular plants of Gr?nfjorden seashore was compiled. Index of activity was determined for all species. Restoration of plant cover under small-scale disturbances on plakor was observed and the first residents in the disturbed sites were determined.
Literature
1. Koroleva N. E. 1994. Early stages of plant recovery on tracked vehicle paths in the High Arctic (West Coast of Westspitsbergen) // Polarforschung V. 64. P. 19-25.
2. Koroleva N. E. Ornitogenic vegetation on the south Bellsund shore (West Spitsbergen) // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Apatity: Print. Kola Science Centre RAS, 2004. P. 255-262.
3. Koroleva N. E. Plant communities of the Reipfjord, Nordaustlandet (Spitsbergen archipelago) // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature. Iss. 7. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2007. P. 278-286.
4. Koroleva N. E. Vegetation recovery after anthropogenic impact in European sector of Arctic and Sub-arctic (on example of Western Spitsbergen and Kola Peninsula) // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature. Iss. 6. Apatity: Publ. KSC RAS, 2006. P. 337-342.
5. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Belkina O. A., Davydov D. A., Likhachev A. Yu., Savchenko A. N., Urbanavichene I. N. Flora and vegetation of Gronfjord area (Spitsbergen archipelago) // K&M. Apatity. 2008. 114 p.
6. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Urbanavichene I. N. Urbanavichus G. P., Shmakova N. Yu., Davydov D. A. Multiparty investigations of Polar-alpine botanical garden on the Spitsbergen archipelago // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Print. Kola Science Centre RAS, 2005. P. 396-403.
The study of Cyanoprokaryota of Spitsbergen
Davydov Denis
PhD, lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531) 52742, e-mail: d_disa@mail.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Shalygin Sergey
PhD student, lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531) 52742, e-mail: nq.87@mail.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Researches of Cyanoprokaryota of Spitsbergen include the study of biodiversity and environmental characteristics. Particular attention was paid to overgrown permafrost spots and successions cyanobacterial communities on glacial moraine deposits. We have summarized the results of the study species composition Cyanoprokaryota of Spitsbergen (Davydov, 2010) and compiled an annotated list. Flora of Cyanoprokaryota of the archipelago consists of 196 species and needs the further study. Particularly relevant are phytogeographical and molecular studies to trace the flow of genes in populations, to confirm the possible existence of endemic species, morpho- and ecotypes. Meanwhile, among the Arctic areas of Russian flora of Spitsbergen is one of the most studied (Patova, Davydov, 2006). In comparison with other northern territories the flora has typical features of the arctic, reflecting both climate and terrain areas.
D.A. Davydov started the study of biodiversity of Cyanoprokaryota in 2004. We examined several local floras, including those in remote areas of the archipelago. We have compiled an annotated list of species of the eastern coast of Gr?nfjorden (Davydov, 2005; Koroleva et al, 2008), the western coast of Riipfjorden (Davydov, 2008). We identified 17 species new to the archipelago: Aphanocapsa grevillei (Hassall) Rabenh., Calothrix elenkinii Kossinsk., Jaaginema kuetzingianum (N?g.) Anagn. et Kom., J. subtilissimum (K?tz. ex De Toni) Anagn. et Kom., Tolypothrix saviczii Kossinsk., etc. We traced the succession in the overgrown cyanobacteria moraine deposits during the retreat of the glacier Aldegonda (Davydov, 2009) and it was found that in early stages of succession the dominant species is Phormidium uncinatum Gomont. The next step is overgrowing the pond banks with Aphanocapsa parietina N?geli, Leptolyngbya cf. "Albertano/Kovacik-green", Nostoc sp. This stage is accompanied by the indwelling bryophytes. At the third stage cenoses on the banks of streams and lakes are enriched of aerophytic species. The bottom of streams in addition to Phormidium uncinatum Gomont has overgrown Pseudanabaena frigida (Fritsch) Anagnost. The most recent phase is rich in multispecies communities.
Literature
1. Borge O. 1911. Die S?sswasseralgenflora Spitzbergens // Videnskapsselskapets Skifter. I. Mat.-Natur. Kl. 1l. N. 11. P. 1–38. Kristiania.
2. Lagerheim G. 1894 Ein Beitrag zur Schneeflora Spitzbergen // La nuova notarisia. P. 650-654.
3. Perminova G. N. 1990 [in Russian] Terrestrial algae some region Eurasian and Far East. Kirov, Dep. In VINITI N. 4471. B-90. 41 p. [Potchevennye vodorosli nekotoryh raionov Evtasii i Dalnego Vostoca – Kirov, Dep. V VINITI №4471. В-90. 41 s.]
4. Sculberg O. M. 1996. Part. 9. Terrestrial and limnic algae and cyanobacteria // In: Elvebakk A. Prestrud P. (eds.) A catalogue of Spitsbergen plants, fungi, algae and cyanobacteria / Norsk Polarinst., Skr. Bd. 198. P. 383–395.
5. Stockmayer S. 1906. Kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntnis der S?sswasseralgenflora Spitsbergens // ?sterreich. Bot. Zeitschr. V. 56. P. 377-384.
6. Str?m K. M. 1921. Some algae from hot springs in Spitsbergen // Bot. Not. P. 17-21.
7. Thomasson K. Zur planktonkunde Spitzbergens, 1 // Hydrobiologia. 1958. Vol. 12. P. 226-236.
8. Thomasson K. Zur planktonkunde Spitzbergens, 2 // Hydrobiologia. 1961. Vol. 18. P. 192-198.
9. Wittrock V., Nordstedt O. 1882. Algae aquae dulcis exiccatae. Upsaliae, Lundae et Stockholmiae.
10. Wittrock V.B. 1883. Om sons och isens flora, s?rskildt i de arctiska trakterna // In: A.E. Nordenskiold Studier och forskningar f?ranledda af mina resor i h?ga norden. H. 2, 3. Stockholm. P. 65-124.
11. Davydov D. A. Cyanoprokaryota of the Prince Oscar Earth polar deserts, North-East Land Island (Nordaustlandet), Spitsbergen // Nature of the shelf and archipelagos of the European Arctic. Iss. 8. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. - Moscow, 2008. P. 85-89.
12. Davydov D. A. Terrestrial cyanobacteria of the eastern coast of Gr?nfjord (West Spitsbergen) // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Kola Science Center RAS, 2005. P. 377-381.
13. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Belkina O. A., Davydov D. A., Likhachev A. Yu., Savchenko A. N., Urbanavichene I. N. Flora and vegetation of Gr?nfjord area (Spitsbergen archipelago) // K&M. Apatity. 2008. 114 p.
14. Koroleva N. E., Konstantinova N. A., Urbanavichene I. N. Urbanavichus G. P., Shmakova N. Yu., Davydov D. A. Multiparty investigations of Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden on the Spitsbergen archipelago // Complex investigations of Spitsbergen nature – Iss. 5. Collection of materials of the Fifth International Conference - Apatity: Kola Science Center RAS, 2005. P. 396-403.
15. Davydov D. A Cyanoprokaryota involved in overgrown moraine deposits in the valley glacier Aldegonda (Spitsbergen) // Problems of marine paleoecology and biogeography in the era of global change: Proceedings of the VII All-Russia School on Marine Biology and IX International Scientific Conference "Complex investigation of the nature of the Spitsbergen archipelago (Murmansk, 12-14 November 2009) - M.: GEOS, 2009. P. 223-228.
16. Davydov D. A Cyanoprokaryota of Spitsbergen: state of knowledge of flora // Botanical Journal. 2010. T. 95. № 2. 25-32 (in press).
The study of Lichens of Spitsbergen
Konoreva Lyudmila
PhD, lab. Flora and Vegetation PABGI KSC RAS Ph. (81531) 52742, e-mail: ajdarzapov@yandex.ru 184256, Kirovsk, Murmansk District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute Kola Sci Centre of Russian Academy of Sci
Species diversity of lichens has one of the largest values among other Spitsbergen inhabitants. The range of the literature dedicated to Spitsbergen lichens comprises several hundred papers. Spitsbergen lichen species list included 597 species to the date of the beginning of the PABGI KSC RAS workers research.
In 1991 and 2003 N. E. Koroleva collected lichens in the course of the geobotanical observations in three areas in western and north-eastern parts of the archipelago (Bellsun’s bay southern shore, Kolsbay’s bay coast and Gr?nfellet slopes nearby Barentsburg; Reinfjord coast on North-Eastern Land). As a result of the collection treatment the species list was supplemented by 3 species and has amounted to 600 species (Koroleva et al., 2005). New to the archipelago species: Absconditella annexa (Arnold). V?zda, Baeomyces carneus Fl?rke., Leptogium imbricatum P. M. J?rg. In 2005 Urbanavichene I. N. collected lichens in the surroundings of Barentsburg, Gr?nfjord and Isfjord bays and composed the species list for the territories (Urbanavichene, Koroleva, 2008).
In 2008-2009 we investigated lichens of the Spitsbergen archipelago and collected specimens from more than 600 points in the neighborhood of Pyramiden, Colesbay and Barentsburg, Aldegonda glacier, Trygghamna bukta. As a result of the primary cameral treatment of the material from 150 points 131 lichen species were determined. Several widespread species occupied all available substrates, such as: Ochrolechia frigida (Sw). Lynge, Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb., Pertusaria oculata (Dicks). Th. Fr. etc. Findings rare and curious in the area are listed: Amygdalaria consentiens (Nyl). Hertel, Brodo and Mas. Inoue; Bellemeria alpina (Sommerf). Clauzade and Cl. Roux; Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm. (presumably, the species is distributed more widely than represented in previous literature); Lecanora intricata (Ach). Ach.; Melanelia stygia (L). Essl.; Protoblastenia calva (Dicks). Zahlbr.; Protoblastenia seibenhaariana (K?rb.) J. Steiner; Rhizocarpon hochstetteri (K?rb.) Vain.; Rhizocarpon macrosporum R?s?nen; Verrucaria aethiobola Wahlenb. (the species lives on rocks under water and so, evidently, is distributed more widely than represented in previous literature); Vestergrenopsis elaeina (Wahlenb). Gyeln. (presumably, the species is distributed more widely than represented in previous literature).
Species new to the archipelago: Amygdalaria pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman, Aspicilia moenium (Vain.) G. Thor & Timdal, Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman., Lecanora bicincta Ramond, Melanelia elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl., Ophioparma ventosa (L.) Norman, Placynthium stenophyllum (Tuck.) Fink, Xylographa parallela (Ach.: Fr.) Fr.
In 2010 the book ”The Lichen Flora of Svalbard” written by Dag Olav ?vstedal, Tor T?nsberg, and Arve Elvebakk was published. It includes the list of 742 species, and seven of them are new to science.
Notwithstanding the long-time history of the detailed explorations of Spitsbergen lichen flora, it is necessary to proceed.
Literature
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